Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior

Exposition on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior Exposition on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior Exposition on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer BehaviorEthical utilization has developed altogether as of late. Advertisers need to have a superior comprehension of the connection between moral perspectives and shopper conduct. As indicated by specialists, â€Å"consumer conduct lingers behind the expressed degree of worry about moral issues†(Harrison, 2005, p. 198).â There is the clear hole among perspectives and buyer conduct. By and by, 24% of the British shoppers describe themselves as â€Å"ethical consumers† (Harrison, 2005, p. 198). Moral conduct of purchasers has become an object of examination as of late. As indicated by Lucica Matei and Teodora Dinu (2012), â€Å"actual shopper conduct has been dismissed in research when contrasted with a progressively huge number of studies estimating consumers’ moral mentalities and beliefs†(p. 41). Drawing on the scholastic writing identifying with the connection among mentalities and conduct, it is impor tant to clarify why perspectives may not generally help to anticipate conduct and why the demeanor conduct hole may be so predominant. The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior help to offer clarification to consumers’ expectation of being associated with purchaser conduct. Perspectives may not generally foresee customer conduct as a result of certain shopper related barriers.Definition of termsThe term â€Å"consumer behavior† can be characterized as â€Å"the conduct of extreme buyers, the individuals who buy items for individual and family unit utilization and not for business purposes† (Ferrell et al., 2012, p. 114).The term â€Å"consumer attitude† characterizes the connection between customer conduct and the shopper air to buy any sort of items or administrations. The shopper demeanor can be evaluated by methods for normal buyer sentiment overviews which depend on genuine realities, just as by utilization pattern investigation , which gives the necessary â€Å"information on the genuine utilization of each product† (Lazzaroni et al., 2013, p. 84). As per Dr. Lars Perner (2010), purchaser disposition can be viewed as a complex of customer convictions, goals and sentiments toward some item inside the setting of advertising strategy.The term â€Å"attitude-conduct gap† can be characterized as the pressure that exists inside an individual (a shopper) between what he/she needs to do (or plans to do) and what he/she thinks he/she ought to do (or perform) (Trijp Fischer, 2010).â When people are approached to characterize their qualities and conviction, they show the demeanor that is the most suitable regarding the set up standards (Trijp Fischer, 2010). The size of theattitude-conduct hole can be controlled by the degree of equivocalness that is engaged with purchaser choice (Trijp Fischer, 2010).The utilization of demeanor theoryin comprehension of an assortment of attitudinal conceptsThe utiliz ation of disposition hypothesis in comprehension of an assortment of attitudinal ideas is fundamental for advertisers. There are two fundamental speculations that can be applied to this circumstance: the Theory of Reasoned Action created by Fishbein and the Theory of Planned Behavior created by Ajzen. As a matter of fact, the two speculations help to clarify the job of quick determiner of customer conduct †consumers’ expectation to be associated with this conduct (Ajzen, 2005; Brannon Feist, 2009). The two hypotheses accept that purchaser expectations ought to be centered around inspiration. Different persuasive elements influence buyer conduct. As it were, expectations are brought about by some persuasive variables so as to play out some conduct. Simultaneously, it is important to comprehend that an individual’s goal to play out some conduct (for example purchaser conduct) or not to perform it is â€Å"the prompt determinant of action†, whileâ an individ ual’s disposition is dictated by â€Å"the person’s convictions and assessment of the normal outcome† (Raoprasert Islam, 2010, p. 31).The Theory of Reasoned ActionThe Theory of Reasoned Action (Fig.1) is centered around the way that shopper conduct expectations are brought about by two significant reasons:Functioning of consumers’ perspectives toward their practices, â€Å"determined by their convictions that the conduct will prompt decidedly or contrarily esteemed outcomes† (Brannon Feist, 2009,p. 72).Functioning of consumers’ abstract standards, dictated by shopper view of the qualities put by others on the conduct and by their inspiration to follow these norms(Brannon Feist, 2009)According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, an individual’s disposition to conduct represents an individual’s evaluation of the positive and negative results of playing out the objective activity. The outcomes of the conduct are thought about (Brann on Feist, 2009).â â â â â â â â â â â as a rule, the Theory of Reasoned Action is centered around the supposition that purchaser conduct is controlled by an individual’s expectation to follow the standards of conduct, which can give the most precise forecast of buyer conduct. The degree of customer goal influences the chance to be engaged with shopper conduct (Raoprasert Islam, 2010).The Theory of Planned Behaviorâ â â â â â â â â â â The Theory of Planned Behavior is centered around the extra determinant of buyer goal to act †consumers’ impression of their authority over their conduct. As a matter of fact, the Theory of Planned Behavior can be seen as the expansion of the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen, 2005). It is important to comprehend the job of consumers’ saw conduct control (Brannon Feist, 2009). This determinant was included to put accentuation the variables that strongly affect consumers’ aims. Due to the individua ls’ self-impression of control, it is conceivable to anticipate the probability of an individual’s activities (Brannon Feist, 2009).â â â â â â â â â â â According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, there are three fundamental determinants or components that influence customer conduct and expectations: individual factor, social factor and the factor that manages the issues of control (Fig.2).As an obvious certainty, the important disposition hypothesis assists with bettering comprehend an assortment of attitudinal ideas. The two hypotheses accept that an individual’s expectation to carry on with a certain goal in mind is subject to the individual’s mentality toward the conduct (for example the assessments of others, the individual saw conduct control and the individual’s want to perform activities) (Ajzen, 2005; Raoprasert Islam, 2010). At the end of the day, as indicated by these speculations, people may see different hindrances to sho pper conduct dependent on their own perspectives and thought about their own discernments (Ajzen, 2005;Brannon Feist, 2009).Paul A. Pavlou and Mendel Fygenson(2006) utilize the Theory of Planned Behavior to offer clarification to shopper conduct, just as to foresee the procedure of web based business appropriation by purchasers. Scientists place accentuation on the procedure that reflects two online customer practices: first, getting data and, second, buying an item on the web (from a Web merchant). Analysts â€Å"simultaneously model the relationship between these two unexpected online practices and their individual aims by speaking to buyer conduct hypotheses and the hypothesis of usage goals, respectively† (Pavlou Fygenson, 2006, p.112). Additionally, analysts utilize different techniques to infer for each sort of purchaser conduct its goal, conviction, demeanor, and social control.The significant reasons for attitudes’ inability to foresee buyer behaviorDue to the connection among mentality and shopper conduct, it is conceivable to anticipate the conduct of customers dependent on their own perspectives toward different items, brands, administrations, and so on offered by sellers.â when in doubt, customer conduct can be anticipated dependent on inspirational mentalities. In any case, at times, it is difficult to anticipate purchaser conduct since individuals â€Å"form mentalities that satisfy their social character capacities, and there is no any reliable connection among disposition and future behavior† (Mooij, 2010, p. 134). It has been discovered that mentalities may not generally be useful in foreseeing shopper conduct. It is imperative to comprehend the major barriersto foreseeing purchaser conduct (Harrison, 2005). As per the ongoing investigation led by the Cooperative bank, just 5% of the British shoppers settle on buy choices dependent on moral perspectives (Harrison, 2005). The accompanying elements may strongly affect purc haser conduct: changes in buyer esteems, changes in perspectives, changes in customer information about items, and changes in some critical parts of utilization process (cost and quality), changing in shopper propensities and inclinations (Harrison, 2005; Hoyer, 2012)Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior section 2

The Cold War (1945-1989) essay

The Cold War (1945-1989) article The Cold War (1945-1989) article The Cold War (1945-1989) essayThe Cold War is viewed as a huge occasion in Modern World History. The Cold War commanded a fairly lengthy timespan period: between 1945, or the apocalypse War II, and 1990, the breakdown of the USSR. This period included the connections between two superpowers: the United States and the USSR. The Cold War started in Eastern Europe and Germany, as indicated by the analysts of the Institute of Contemporary British History (Warner 15).â Researchers express that â€Å"the USSR and the United States of America held the aces in the hole, atomic bombs and missiles† (Daniel 489). As such, during the Cold War, two countries took the destiny of the world under their influence. The movement of the Cold War affected the improvement of society, which got mindful of the danger of atomic war. After the World War II, the world experienced mechanical advancement, which gave â€Å"the Space Race, PC improvement, superhighway development, stream carrier advancem ent, the production of global telephone framework, the appearance of TV, gigantic advancement in medication, and the making of mass industrialism, and numerous other achievements† (Daniel 489). In spite of the fact that the bigger piece of the world lived in neediness and needed mechanical advancement, the United States and different nations of Western world prevailing in financial turn of events. The Cold War, which started in 1945, mirrored the expanded job of mechanical advancement in the foundation of monetary connections between two superpowers.   The Cold War included inward and outside clashes between two superpowers, the United States and the USSR, prompting possible breakdown of the USSR.The Cold War: foundation informationThe Cold War comprised of a few showdowns between the United States and the USSR, bolstered by their partners. As per specialists, the Cold War was set apart by various occasions, including â€Å"the heightening weapons contest, an opposition t o vanquish space, a perilously bellicose for of strategy known as brinkmanship, and a progression of little wars, in some cases called â€Å"police actions† by the United States and now and again pardoned as safeguard quantifies by the Soviets† (Gottfried 9). The Cold War had various effects on the United States and the USSR. For the USSR, the Cold War gave enormous chances to the spread of socialism over the world, Moscow’s command over the improvement of different countries and the expanded job of the Soviet Communist party.In certainty, the Cold War could part the wartime coalition shaped to contradict the plans of Nazi Germany, leaving the USSR and the United States as two superpowers with significant financial and political contrasts. The USSR depended on a solitary gathering Marxistâ€Leninist framework, while the United States was an industrialist state with popularity based administration dependent on free elections.The key figure neglected War was the Soviet chief Gorbachev, who was chosen in 1985. He figured out how to alter the course of the USSR, making the economies of socialist administered states autonomous. The significant explanations behind changing in the course were poor mechanical improvement of the USSR (Gottfried 115). Gorbachev accepted that extreme changes in political force could improve the Communist framework. Simultaneously, he needed to stop the Cold War and pressures with the United States. The expense of atomic weapons contest had negative effect on the economy of the USSR. The pioneers of the United States acknowledged the proposed connections, in view of participation and common trust. The finish of the Cold War was set apart by marking the INF settlement in 1987 (Gottfried 115).The roots of the Cold WarMany American history specialists express that the Cold War started in 1945. Be that as it may, as per Russian specialists, antiquarians and examiners â€Å"the Cold War started with the Bolshevik Revolut ion in 1917, for this was the point at which the entrepreneur world started its precise restriction to and exertion to subvert the world’s first communist state and society† (Warner13). For Russians, the Cold War was hot in 1918-1922, when the Allied Intervention approach actualized in Russia during the Russian Civil War. As per John W. Long, â€Å"the U.S. mediation in North Russia was an arrangement planned by President Wilson during the principal half of 1918 at the earnest request of Britain, France and Italy, the central World War I allies† (380).Nevertheless, there are some different conclusions with respect to the starting points of the Cold War. For instance, Geoffrey Barraclough, a remarkable English history specialist, expresses that the occasions in the Far East toward the century's end added to the starting points of the Cold War. He contends that â€Å"during the past hundred years, Russia and the United States has would in general help each other a gainst England; yet now, as England’s power passed its peak, they met over the Pacific† (Warner 13). As per Barraclough, the Cold War is related with the irreconcilable circumstance, which included European nations, the Middle East and South East Asia. At last, this contention partitioned the world into two camps. In this manner, the Cold War inceptions are associated with the spread of ideological clash brought about by the rise of the new force in the mid 20-th century (Warner 14). The Cold War episode was related with the spread of purposeful publicity on the United States by the USSR. The propagandistic assaults included the analysis of the U.S. pioneers and their arrangements. These assaulted were destructive to the interests of American country (Whitton 151).The significant reasons for the Cold WarThe United States and the USSR were viewed as two superpowers during the Cold War, each having its own range of authority, its capacity and powers. The Cold War had been the proceeding with struggle, brought about by pressures, misconceptions and rivalries that existed between the United States and the USSR, just as their partners from 1945 to the mid 1990s (Gottfried 10). All through this significant stretch, there was the supposed contention between the United States and the USSR, which was communicated through different changes, including military development, the spread of promulgation, the development of undercover work, weapons improvement, extensive mechanical advances, and serious innovative improvements in various circles of human action, for example, medication, training, space investigation, etc.There four significant reasons for the Cold War, which include:Ideological contrasts (socialism v. capitalism);Mutual doubt and misperception;The dread of the United State with respect to the spread of communism;The atomic weapons contest (Gottfried 10).The significant reasons for the Cold War call attention to the way that the USSR was centered around the spread of socialist thoughts around the world. The United States followed just thoughts and restricted the spread of socialism. Simultaneously, the obtaining of nuclear weapons by the United States caused dread in the USSR. The utilization of nuclear weapons could turn into the significant explanation of dread of both the United States and the USSR. At the end of the day, the two nations were restless about potential assaults from one another; in this manner, they were following the creation of mass obliteration weapons. What's more, the USSR was centered around assuming responsibility for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. As per scientists, the USSR utilized different methodologies to deal with Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the years 1945-1980. A portion of these procedures included â€Å"encouraging the socialist takeover of governments in Eastern Europe, the setting up of Comecon, the Warsaw Pact, the nearness of the Red Army in Eastern Europe, and the Brezhnev Do ctrine† (Phillips 118). These activities were the main considerations for the doubts and worries of the United States. Furthermore, the U.S. President had an individual abhorrence of the Soviet head Joseph Stalin and his strategies. When all is said in done, the United States was worried by the Soviet Union’s activities in regards to the involved domain of Germany, while the USSR expected that the United States would utilize Western Europe as the significant apparatus for attack.The results of the Cold WarThe outcomes of the Cold War incorporate both constructive and adverse impacts for both the United States and the USSR.Both the United States and the USSR figured out how to develop gigantic arms stockpiles of nuclear weapons of mass devastation and ballistic missiles.The Cold War gave chances to the foundation of the military alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact.The Cold War prompted the rise of the ruinous military clashes, similar to the Vietnam War and the Korean Wa r, which ended the lives of a huge number of individuals (Gottfried13).The USSR fallen in light of extensive monetary, political and social challenges.The Cold War prompted the obliteration of the Berlin Wall and the unification of the two German nations.The Cold War prompted the breaking down of the Warsaw Pact (Gottfried 136).The Cold war gave the chances to accomplishing autonomy of the Baltic States and some previous Soviet Republics.The Cold War made the United States the sole superpower of the world due to the breakdown of the USSR in 1990.The Cold War prompted the breakdown of Communism and the ascent of globalization around the world (Phillips 119).The effect of the Cold War on the advancement of numerous nations was huge. The results of the Cold War were gotten from various inside issues of the nations, which were associated with the USSR, particularly creating nations (India, Africa, and so on.). This reality implies that international strategies of numerous states were ch anged (Gottfried 115).The Cold War (1945-1989) essayâ part 2

Astronomy and Renaissance essays

Cosmology and Renaissance papers The Renaissance was a period for change. Renaissance, French for resurrection, depicts the scholarly and financial changes that happened in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth hundreds of years. During this time, Europe rose up out of the monetary decay of the Middle Ages and encountered a period of budgetary development. Above all, the Renaissance was an age in which imaginative, social, logical, and political idea altered. In the zone of crystal gazing, Renaissance researchers changed the thoughts and hypotheses that were natural in the Middle Ages. Researchers, for example, Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543), Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made new revelations, presented new instruments, and created thoughts that modernized Renaissance convictions. During the Middle Ages and in any event, returning to early Greek and Roman culture, it was accepted that the earth was the focal point of the universe. The sun, moon, planets, and stars had two capacities: first, movement in circle around the fixed earth, and second, an interest in the day by day revolution of the heavenly circle which created our every day pattern of night and day (Cohen, 37). Prior to Galileo and Copernicus, there was the hypothesis created by a space expert named Claudius Ptolemaeus known as Ptolemy (kicked the bucket 141 or 151 AD). He composed a book, The Almagest, where he depicted and summed up the vast majority of old keeps an eye on comprehension of the universe. In detail, he depicts the appearances of the stars and planets, and attempted to clarify how the universe was developed and how it functioned (Ptolemaic System, 2). This was later known as the Ptolemaic framework. Notwithstanding, this framework guaranteed that the Earth stopped and was at the foca l point of the universe. Aristotle (384-322 BC) upheld the hypothesis of an earth focused universe with laws of material science and reasoning. Aristotle was an understudy of Plato, establishing his own school of Natural Philosoph... <!

The Urban Community and Racial Discrimination Project - 275 Words

The Urban Community and Racial Discrimination Project (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: The Urban Community and Racial DiscriminationJennifer BryantUniversityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™Course Outline: The Urban Community and Racial DiscriminationProject DescriptionBy studying about the urban community, students can apply social sciences to their daily activities in their communities. This project will discuss and explore racial conflict, a major urban problem facing our community, and how it can be solved by utilizing the skills of the social sciences and applying them to this and other social problems.Course Topics1. An introduction to the Urban Community.Here, I will begin by talking about the course, The Urban Community. I will explain what it is about, and how it relates to the social sciences, and how we as students, are taught to examine our everyday experiences in our community and utilize these skills in the social sciences to solve our daily problems.2. Describe how Various Disciplines within the Social Sciences view and Relate to the Urban Community .I will explore on the disciplines within the Social sciences such as anthropology, economics, history, sociology, and political sciences. I will also describe how each of these social sciences view the urban community as well as explain what relevance they are to the urban community.3. Research ProblemA. Studying Racial Discrimination as a social problemAlthough racial discrimination has significantly decreased over the last few decades, it is still a major problem that faces the urban community. In this section, I will explore this issue in great detail. I will find out what is the primary cause of racial discrimination in the urban community.4. Review of Literature.A. I will conduct investigations in libraries and on the internet, and find out whether similar studies have been carried out on this topic. I will note the findings, and significant results, and whether there are any consistencies and or inconsistencies among these findings.B. I will visit various sites such as the New York Historical Society and the Weeksville in an attempt to learn more about racial discrimination and what are the main causes of racial discrimination. I will also research on ways that racial discrimination affects the society, businesses, and individuals. I will also talk to people in these places and find out whether they have any experiences with racial discrimination and how they responded or reacted in such instances. Doing this will help me know how victims of racial discrimination react in such situations4. MethodologyA. Utilizing Disciplines within the Social Sciences and applying them to the study of racial discrimination.In this sub-topic, I will utilize the skills that I have learned in the social sciences and use these skills to explore the issue of racial discrimination. I will also discover the various ways that I can apply these disciplines to this social problem and try to end it. I will also try to educate people about how to solve this issue b y applying these disciplines, and find out their views about my solutions and whether they are open to trying out these methods.B. Describe the Diversity of Human Experiences Within Communities.I will identify my research procedures in great detail and use my findings to describe how human beings experience different experiences within their respective communities and explore the several differences among these communitie...

Article Review No Deposit Bonus - 2041 Words

Article 3 – No Deposit Bonus In the world of UK based online casino gaming you should be one thing above all else, that being selfish. Now I know that sounds fairly harsh, because being selfish isn’t seen as a positive, but if you want to be successful in the world of online casino it should be considered a must. There is no looking out for your fellow player, it is a case of that you should only ever look out for number one. One area in which being selfish is absolutely crucial is when it comes to online casino bonuses, more specifically no deposit bonuses. These promotions are in place to entice you into playing at a particular online casino and are something that you should take advantage of, being as selfish as you can be in the process. The issue with online casinos bonuses, no matter whether it’s a free casino bonus, free spin bonus, mobile casino bonus, bingo bonus, no deposit casino bonus, or any other form of casino bonus, is the definition and choice at hand. Anyone who is on the look out for an online casino bonus needs to be aware of what’s available to him or her, which is why this guide is on hand. The following looks at the types of online casino bonus available and how you can get your hands on them. Once upon a time, an online casino bonus was more of a luxury than anything else. It was something that an online casino would hand out if they were feeling generous and in such instances the bonuses in question were fairly lacklustre. These days however theShow MoreRelatedKeyword : Best Bingo Sites Reviews Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesKeyword: Best Bingo Sites Reviews Find out Best Bingo Sites Reviews Find the world’s Best Bingo Sites Reviews before to begin playing online. What are the Best Bingo Sites Reviews Online? There are millions of online bingo review sites available in the market today. Players are spoilt of getting too many choices when it comes deciding upon which games ensure maximum payout. 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Gender Inequality Today s Society - 1406 Words

Gender inequality is the difference in the way someone is treated perceive depending if they are a male or female. Throughout the years, it was common to see a great inequality in the way women were treated. It is not just that males and females are biologically and anatomically different rather that society has created stereotypes as a way to assign roles for both, making a gap between them. There has been a long battle in the women’s community as a way to try to achieve equality. One of the greatest accomplishments on equality happened in 1920 with the 19th amendment. The 19th amendment is accountable of providing women with the right to vote. Even after the battles it is still common to find gender inequality in today’s society. Society has created a setting in which men uphold roles that make sure to prove their power and superiority. We can find that gender inequality still exist in settings such as families, workforce, sports or politics. First of all, the roles a family can enforce are the main prove that women still suffer from gender inequality. Men are view as â€Å"breadwinners† while women are expected to be the ones responsible of taking care of the family and the house work. Certainly, society can be blame for that belief because it has created stereotypes about the roles each family member should follow in order to be â€Å"normal†. A good example of a stereotype about women can be the community of Laredo. Laredo its mostly Latino, and in the Latino culture theyShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Today s Society Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Gender inequality has become an ongrowing issue in today’s society. This issue begun in early history and has grown over time. In early days it simply began as women not being able to vote or not being able to work. This has improved over time and now women have gained those rights, but there are still inequalities in today’s society betw een genders. 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Although men and women may have different roles in their households and communities, their work and activities are equally valued and socially rewarded (Bonvillain and MillerRead MoreGender Inequality : What s The Right Thing?1283 Words   |  6 PagesRobyn Mendoza Ms. Bergen English 10- 2 26 April 2013 Gender Inequality Gender inequality is an on going topic in society today. Women continue to struggle in finding equality next to men. Women should have the exact same rights as men, no matter what the differences are between the two genders. In the book Justice: What s the Right Thing to Do, Aristotle’s theory of justice is â€Å"giving people what they deserve† (Sandel 9). Women should not be restricted or constrained from anything that menRead MoreGender Inequality And The Corporate World : How Do You Feel About Women Holding Higher Positions Within Corporations?1516 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Corporate World How do you feel about women holding higher positions within corporations? In today’s society, there are several inequalities between women and men. These inequalities between women and men have been around since the beginning of time and will always be a factor. Gender inequality can be seen in many different ways across our society today. One major area that this inequality can be seen is in the workforce. There are many women who have jobs in today’sRead MoreThe Combat For Women s Rights1181 Words   |  5 Pages The Combat for Women s Rights Throughout the decades, women in the United States and all around the world have struggled to be considered equivalent to men, both at home and in the workplace. Women have struggled with voting rights, less pay, lower positions in the workplace, and responsibility of maintaining household chores. Though women have gained voting rights in the United States, women still struggle with the other gender inequalities. In today’s society, women are fighting with more diligence

Describe the Risks and Possible Consequences of Children Useing the Internet and Other Media and Tech free essay sample

Stranger Danger This has to be one of the main concerns of all parents when their child starts to use all this wondrous modern technology that we have now. Child are at risk of entering chat rooms to talk about everyday things with who they think are like minded young people but this isn’t always the case. On chat rooms you can get potential paedophiles posing as children. The consequences are that the child could be kidnapped, harmed, sexually abused or assaulted and even killed. Also for adults it can be a precarious time as with the above of adults posing as children you will always get Children trying to pose as adults. Which for the child to them is seen as a giggle or a bit of fun but it can lead to the adult being arrested and questioned about behaviour online. So not only should you be aware of whom your children are speaking to online also who they are being online as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Risks and Possible Consequences of Children Useing the Internet and Other Media and Tech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Theft With every society there will always be crime and with more children having more and more new gadgets that are must have then the crime rate against children will go up. This can lead to children getting physically hurt and mentally hurt as well. It can also make the child want to hurt someone for the item that another child has got. You have to focus on what is an acceptable amount of tech your child takes out with them also they need to be aware of how to make themselves safe when using it in public. The child`s identity could also be stolen and their name used for more criminal activities resulting in them being arrested or having a huge credit card bill this is due to the child not knowing about sharing certain information over the internet or knowing that some apps not only look at your photos but also get your personal details. Cyber bulling/stalking The practice of cyber bullying is not limited to children and, while the behaviour is identified by the same definition when practiced by adults, the distinction in age groups sometimes refers to the abuse as cyber stalking or cyber harassment when perpetrated by adults toward adults. Common tactics used by cyber stalkers are performed in public forums, social media or online information sites and are intended to threaten a victims earnings, employment, reputation, or safety. Behaviours may include encouraging others to harass the victim and trying to affect a victims online participation. Many cyber stalkers try to damage the reputation of their victim and turn other people against them. Cyber stalking may include false accusations, monitoring, making threats, identity theft, damage to data or equipment, the solicitation of minors for sex, or gathering information in order to harass. A repeated pattern of such actions and harassment against a target by an adult constitutes cyber stalking. Cyber stalking often features linked patterns of online and offline behaviour. There are consequences of law in offline stalking and online stalking, and cyber-stalkers can be put in jail Cyber bullying is the use of the Internet and related technologies to harm other children and young people, in a deliberate, repeated, and hostile manner. As it has become more common in society, particularly among young people, legislation and awareness campaigns have arisen to combat it. But all of the above can have a detrimental effect on the child/young person receiving this treatment it can affect their mental state of mind also their health can be affected as they might get stressed and not eat or drink or look after themselves correctly due to the abuse they are getting.

Slavery Was Perhaps One Of The Most Appalling Tragedies In The History

Slavery was perhaps one of the most appalling tragedies in the history of The United States of America. To tell the people of the terrible facts, runaway slaves wrote their accounts of slavery down on paper and published it for the nation to read. Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs were just two of the many slaves who did this. Each of the slaves had different experiences with slavery, but they all had one thing in common: they tell of the abominable institution of slavery and how greatly it affected their lives. When Douglass was seven years old, he was sent to a new master and mistress, Hugh and Sophia Auld. Sophia was a very kind and affectionate woman, probably one of the nicest people Douglass had encountered in his early childhood life. Here's what Douglass had to say about his new mistress: "Her face was made of heavenly smiles and her voice of tranquil music (Douglas 41)." This caused Douglass to view the whites differently than before. His previous owners were cruel and corrupt who often whipped and beat their slaves in agony. But not Mrs. Auld; Douglass was astonished at her kind heart. She treated Douglass and other black slaves like human beings. She even began to teach him how to read and write. This led Douglass to believe that his own race could be treated like humans instead of savages by the whites and that the white race could have the capabilities of acting like human beings towards the blacks (Douglass 42). But when Sophia's husband discovered about the private lessons, he ordered her to stop. He told her that teaching Douglass to read would ruin him forever as a slave. Hearing this affected Douglass' values of having an education greatly; he became determined to read at all costs. Reading became everything and was his journey to freedom. This was a very important first step because he both learned of the world around him and the world outside of slavery. It was then that he became aware of his current status: a lowly slave that was considered to be a chattel. And it was then that he wanted his freedom. Meanwhile, the venom slave owner began to poison Sophia's kind nature. Sadly, Douglass was once again a piece of meat and he no longer viewed the black race as one of the whites. Also, his views for white slave owners changed similarly; his heart was filled with abhorrence for them (Douglass 42). There were many times when Douglass thought about running away to become a free man, but there were few times when he was really determined to fulfill the risky and dangerous task. One of the few times came during the year when he worked for Edward Covey. Douglass became a field hand for the first time in his life. It was one of the few times he felt like a slave. He was not skilled in the backbreaking work required of him. Covey was a harsh and brutal slaveholder. Mr. Covey made his slaves work in all weathers. It was never too hot or too cold; it could never rain, blow, hail, or snow, too hard in the field (Douglass 66). And if it wasn't work, work, work, it was beatings, beatings, and beatings. Douglass was often whipped and battered for not working "hard enough." Under Covey, Douglass and the other slaves were treated as the lowlifes of society, as low as horses and pigs. After six months under Covey, Douglass lost interest in reading and the spirited character he once had in him extinguished. He was so sick of working for Covey and being a slave that he finally couldn't take it anymore, and wanted to be set loose from his shackles of doom (Douglass 63-72). Douglass wished he could swim so he could swim to his freedom or fly like a bird toward a new and better life. He desired for God's help and asked him to set him free (Douglass 67). Douglass was so sick of being a slave that he even preferred death over bondage (Douglass 82). Throughout Douglass' life, he encountered many different people. But one proved to be a true friend, Sandy Jenkins, a slave who was married

The Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Commodity Prices

The Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Commodity Prices Over the last several years, the value of the Canadian Dollar (CAD) has been on an upward trend, greatly appreciating relative to the American Dollar. A rise in commodity pricesInterest rate fluctuationsInternational factors and speculation Many economic analysts believe that the rise in the value of the Canadian Dollar is due to a rise in commodity prices stemming from increased American demand for commodities. Canada exports a great deal of natural resources, such as natural gas and timber to the United States. Increased demand for those goods, all else being equal, causes the price of that good to rise and the quantity consumed of that good to go up. When Canadian companies sell more goods at a higher price to Americans, the Canadian dollar to gains in value relative to the U.S. dollar, through one of two mechanisms: 1. Canadian Producers Sell to U.S. Buyers Who Pay in CAD This mechanism is quite straightforward. To make purchases in Canadian Dollars, American buyers must first sell American Dollars on the foreign exchange market in order to  buy Canadian Dollars. This action causes the number of American Dollars on the market to rise and the number of Canadian Dollars to fall. To keep the market in equilibrium, the value of the American Dollar must fall (to offset the larger quantity available) and the value of the Canadian Dollar must rise. 2. Canadian Producers Sell to U.S. Buyers Who Pay in USD This mechanism is only slightly more complicated. Canadian producers will often sell their products to Americans in exchange for American Dollars, as it is inconvenient for their customers to use foreign exchange markets. However, the Canadian producer will have to pay most of their expenses, such as employee wages, in Canadian Dollars. No problem; they sell the American Dollars they received from sales, and purchase Canadian Dollars. This then has the same effect as mechanism 1. Now that weve seen how the Canadian and American Dollars are linked to changes in commodity prices due to increased demand, next well see if the data matches the theory. How to Test the Theory One way to test our theory is to see if commodity prices and the exchange rate have been moving in tandem. If we find that they are not moving in tandem, or that they are completely unrelated, well know that changes in currency prices are not causing exchange rate fluctuations. If commodity prices and exchange rates do move together, the theory may still hold. In this  case, such correlation does not prove causation as there could be some other third factor causing exchange rates and commodity prices to move in the same direction. Though the existence of correlation between the two is the first step in uncovering evidence in support of the theory, on its own such a relationship simply does not disprove the theory. Canadas Commodity Price Index (CPI) In A Beginners Guide to Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market,  we learned that the Bank of Canada developed a Commodity Price Index (CPI), which tracks changes in the prices of commodities which Canada exports. The CPI can be broken down into three basic components, which are weighted to reflect the relative magnitude of those exports: Energy: 34.9%Food: 18.8%Industrial Materials: 46.3%(Metals 14.4%, Minerals 2.3%, Forest Products 29.6%) Lets take a look at the monthly exchange rate and Commodity Price Index data for 2002 and 2003 (24 months). The exchange rate data comes from the St. Louis Fed - FRED II and the CPI data is from The Bank of Canada. The CPI data has also been broken down into its three main components, so we can see if any one commodity group is a factor in the exchange rate fluctuations. The exchange rate and commodity price data for the 24 months can be seen at the bottom of this page. Increases in the Canadian Dollar and CPI The first thing to note is how the Canadian Dollar, the Commodity Price Index, and the 3 components of the index have all risen over the 2-year period. In percentage terms, we have the following increases: Canadian Dollar - Up 21.771%Commodity Price Index - Up 46.754%Energy - Up 100.232%Food - Up 13.682%Industrial Materials - Up 21.729% The Commodity Price Index has risen twice as fast as the Canadian Dollar. The bulk of this increase seems to be due to higher energy prices, most notably higher natural gas and crude oil prices. The price of food and industrial materials has also risen during this period, though not nearly as quickly as energy prices. Computing the Correlation Between Exchange Rates and CPI We can determine if these prices are moving together, by computing the correlation between the exchange rate and the various CPI factors. The economics glossary defines correlation in the following way: Two random variables are positively correlated if high values of one are likely to be associated with high values of the other. They are negatively correlated if high values of one are likely to be associated with low values of the other. Correlation coefficients are between -1 and 1, inclusive, by definition. They are greater than zero for positive correlation and less than zero for negative correlations. A correlation coefficient of 0.5 or 0.6 would indicate that the exchange rate and the commodity price index move in the same direction, whereas a low correlation, such as 0 or 0.1 would indicate that the two are unrelated. Keep in mind that our 24 months of data is a very limited sample, so we need to take these measures with a grain of salt. Correlation Coefficients for the 24 months of 2002-2003 Exch Rate Commodity Index .746Exch Rate Energy .193Exch Rate Food .825Exch Rate Ind Mat .883Energy Food .336Energy Ind Mat .169Food Ind Mat .600 We see that the Canadian-American exchange rate is very highly correlated with the Commodity Price Index over this period. This is strong evidence that increased commodity prices are causing a hike in the exchange rate. Interestingly enough, it appears that according to the correlation coefficients, rising energy prices have very little to do with the rise of the Canadian Dollar, but higher prices for food and industrial materials may be playing a big role. Energy prices hikes also do not correlate well with rises in food and industrial materials costs (.336 and .169 respectively), but food prices and industrial material prices do move in tandem (.600 correlation). For our theory to hold true, we need the rising prices to be caused by increased American spending on Canadian food and industrial materials. In the final section, well see if Americans are truly are buying more of these Canadian goods. Exchange Rate Data DATE 1 CDN = CPI Energy Food Ind. Mat Jan 02 0.63 89.7 82.1 92.5 94.9 Feb 02 0.63 91.7 85.3 92.6 96.7 Mar 02 0.63 99.8 103.6 91.9 100.0 Apr 02 0.63 102.3 113.8 89.4 98.1 May 02 0.65 103.3 116.6 90.8 97.5 Jun 02 0.65 100.3 109.5 90.7 96.6 Jul 02 0.65 101.0 109.7 94.3 96.7 Aug 02 0.64 101.8 114.5 96.3 93.6 Sep 02 0.63 105.1 123.2 99.8 92.1 Oct 02 0.63 107.2 129.5 99.6 91.7 Nov 02 0.64 104.2 122.4 98.9 91.2 Dec 02 0.64 111.2 140.0 97.8 92.7 Jan 03 0.65 118.0 157.0 97.0 94.2 Feb 03 0.66 133.9 194.5 98.5 98.2 Mar 03 0.68 122.7 165.0 99.5 97.2 Apr 03 0.69 115.2 143.8 99.4 98.0 May 03 0.72 119.0 151.1 102.1 99.4 Jun 03 0.74 122.9 16.9 102.6 103.0 Jul 03 0.72 118.7 146.1 101.9 103.0 Aug 03 0.72 120.6 147.2 101.8 106.2 Sep 03 0.73 118.4 135.0 102.6 111.2 Oct 03 0.76 119.6 139.9 103.7 109.5 Nov 03 0.76 121.3 139.7 107.1 111.9 Dec 03 0.76 131.6 164.3 105.1 115.5 Were Americans Buying More Canadian Commodities? Weve seen that the Canadian-American exchange rate and commodity prices, particularly the price of food and industrial materials, have moved in tandem over the last two years. If Americans are buying more Canadian food and industrial materials, then our explanation for the data makes sense. Increased American demand for these Canadian products would simultaneously cause an increase in the price of those products, and an increase in the value of the Canadian Dollar, at the expense of the American one. The Data Unfortunately, we have very limited data about the number of goods the American are importing, but what evidence we have looks promising. In The Trade Deficit and Exchange Rates, we looked at Canadian and American trade patterns. With data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, we see that the U.S. dollar value of imports from Canada has actually went down from 2001 to 2002. In 2001, Americans imported $216 billion of Canadian goods, in 2002 that figure dropped to $209 billion. But by the first 11 months of 2003, the U.S. had already imported $206 billion in goods and services from Canada showing an increase year-over-year. What Does This Mean? One thing we have to remember, though, is that these are dollar values of imports. All this is telling us is that in terms of U.S. Dollars, Americans are spending slightly less on Canadian imports. Since both the value of the U.S. Dollar and the price of commodities has changed, we need to do some mathematics to find out if the Americans are importing more or fewer goods. For the sake of this exercise, we will assume the United States imports nothing but commodities from Canada. This assumption does not greatly affect the results, but it certainly makes the math much easier. Well consider 2 months year-over-year, October 2002 and October 2003, to show how the number of exports has increased significantly between these two years. U.S. Imports From Canada: October 2002 For the month of October 2002, the United States imported $19.0 billion of goods from Canada. The commodity price index for that month was 107.2. So if a unit of Canadian commodities cost $107.20 that month, the U.S. bought 177,238,805 units of commodities from Canada during that month. (177,238,805 $19B / $107.20) U.S. Imports From Canada: October 2003 For the month of October 2003, the United States imported $20.4 billion of goods from Canada. The commodity price index for that month was 119.6. So if a unit of Canadian commodities cost $119.60 that month, the U.S. bought 170,568,561 units of commodities from Canada during that month. (170,568,561 $20.4B / $119.60). Conclusions From this calculation, we see that the United States bought 3.7% fewer goods over this period, despite a price hike of 11.57%. From our primer on price elasticity of demand, we see that the price elasticity of demand for these goods is 0.3, meaning theyre very inelastic. From this we can conclude one of two things: The demand for these goods are not at all sensitive to price changes so American producers were willing to absorb the price hike.The demand for these goods at every price level increased (relative to former demand levels), but this effect was more than offset by the large jump in prices, so overall quantity purchased declined slightly. In my view, number 2 looks a lot more likely. During that period, the U.S. economy had been spurred by massive government deficit spending. Between the 3rd quarter of 2002 and the 3rd quarter of 2003, the U.S. Gross Domestic Product increased by 5.8%. This GDP growth indicates increased economic production, which would likely require increased use of raw materials such as timber. The evidence that increased demand for Canadian commodities has caused the rise in both commodity prices and the Canadian Dollar is strong, but not overwhelming.

Pros and Cons of European currency union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pros and Cons of European currency union - Essay Example One of the biggest advantages of Euro is that it saves a lot of time and effort of the travelers who choose to travel with Europe. For instance if there is a Soccer game in Spain which a Greek citizen wants to witness, he/she can just straight away catch a flight and reach the Soccer stadium in Spain and watch the game. There is no need to covert the currency into some other currency. The same has resulted in saving a lot of time and effort of the European Citizens. This was not the case prior to the introduction of Euro. The people had to exchange money every now and then to meet their demands but after the introduction things have changed for better. The introduction of Euro has brought in many significant changes in the European Economy. The most noticeable of them all is the economic integrity brought by the introduction of the Euro. The positive effects are not restricted to economy but they also positively influence the political climate in the European countries. This paper will throw light upon the benefits and the problems of the European single currency, which is Euro. In addition to this the paper will also focus upon the affect on other currencies by the present rise in the value of the Euro. "Having a single currency and an economic and monetary union strengthens Europe's role in international fora and organizations like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development." (The Euro & You). Euro strengthens the position of all the European countries, having a single currency helps a lot in the growth of the country and in this particular case Europe on the whole. Euro is very frequently used in international trade; it has very quickly become a part and parcel of the lives of many businessmen who carry out trade at large scales. Countries also have started using Euro as the currency for International trade. "A single currency makes Europe a strong partner to trade with and facilitates access to a genuine single market for foreign companies, who will benefit from lower costs of doing business in Europe." (The Euro & You). Another major advantage is the clarity in prices whenever an European citizen travels to another European country it becomes very easy to compare and buy the products of his/her choice; this facility was not available to the citizens prior to the launch of the Euro. Earlier even if a Tourist wanted to buy a product desperately, he/she was made to think thrice about it because of the different currencies within Europe but these days there is transparency in prices with regard to the currencies and this has only happened because of the introduction of the Euro. Euro has brought in a lot of Economic and financial stability, a Businessman is much less prone to risk when using Euro as his/her currency. Single currency keeps the inflation rate under a good check, which is extremely important for an economy and the Euro does exactly that. It keeps interest rates and the rate of inflation under check hence it can be said that the Euro plays a pivotal role in maintaining the economic growth of the European nations. Problems of the European Single Currency The biggest disadvantage is that it increases the financial cost of an institution in getting adjusted to the new currency. The

Japanese Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japanese Cinema - Essay Example We have observed that in the 21st century that there has been a drastic increase in the rate of rape cases that are reported, sexual harassment, child molestation in Japan."Japanese film-makers were beginning to spice up their period stories with a dash of  sex and violence." Sigmund Freud a very famous psychologist believed that sex and violence are one of the requirements of every human. According to Freud if an individual involves insexual activities as a result of these movies it is quite legit as this is what we see and adapt. I completely disagree with his approach as exploitation due to any reason is not acceptable at any cost as it propagates the spread of social evils in the society. After the Second World War there was immense brutality and violence in Japan. It has been observed that the rules that deal with sexuality and violence in Japan are quite gender biased and the content is usually loaded with sexuality and violence causing indirect propagation of these sins."Not only was there more sex and violence, but the very manner in which they were made appealed to the young." The reason why such content is quite popular is because most of the people prefer watching such stuff as a source of entertainment but they do not realize that this leaves a profound impact on their mind resulting in creating desires within them. These desires cause them to opt for various ill means to overcome their temptations which force them to involve in these misdeeds. Today what I believe is the reason behind incorporating sex in the movies is because it sells.Like I mentioned earlier that people prefer watching stuff with bold content hence the reason to add such scenes is basically to attract the masses. At times it is quite relevant to add such stuff as it helps to bring about the depth of the characters and to show the level of intimacy between them. The issue has merely gained so much popularity is because today movies, TV shows novels etc. sell such content on regular basis. It has been recorded that in Japan when there is any form of sexual exploitation or any physical violence against women are considered to be standard form of entertainment which people thoroughly enjoy in movies which belong to the action or adventure genre. It is pretty astonishing that when it comes to Japan there is a vast variety of content available that deals with sexually provoking material but the rape rate tends to be tremendously low within the region. The the mes that involve sexual activities are quite common when it comes to Japanese legacy and they do not find any type of shame when associating themselves to it. There is a very controversial issue about pictorial representation of genetical areas. Japan does not allow to replicate/represent in pictorial form but does not prohibit the exploitation of such parts in movies, novels, TV shows etc. unlike the united states. The rape cases that take place in japan are majorly underreported and are usually done by underage individuals or gangs. Since the Japanese society is based on virtues like cooperation, order, duty etc. hence such activities are considered to be shameful for the families and majority of the time are not reported at all. This provokes those individuals who involve in such

Summary of Articles Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

Summary of Articles Heart of Darkness Essay Summary 5 Authoritative Articles â€Å"Racism in Heart of Darkness† Chinua Achebes article  An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness' was basically written about the racism Achebe encountered in â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. Achebe criticizes Joseph Conrad for his racist stereotypes towards the continent and people of Africa. Achebe claims that Conrad spread the image that people imagined rather than portraying Africa in its true form. Africans were shown in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† as savages with no way to speak other than grunting. To Conrad, the Africans were not real characters in his story, but were backgrounds or props. Chinua Achebe responded with his own novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart†: it was a contrast to Heart of Darkness and comparable works by other European writers. In â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, Achebe tells the story of Okonkwo, an Ibo man who is actually represented as a functioning person. Africans are represented as actual individuals with intelligence and a language, not just one massive conglomerate of dumb thoughtless natives. Their customs are not regarded as crazy and foreign, but as normal everyday life no different than the assortment of Western customs. And the land itself is described as a mix of towns and farms, not a foreign dangerous land. In basically every way, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† challenges typecasts set forward in Heart of Darkness. Overall it is a useful article that contains a good amount of information and I would recommend it to other students. Suzanne Fields wrote an article on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† she actually defended Conrad. She thought that although, he wrote about racist things he presented in the way that was the norm at the time. She stated that it wasn’t racist because that was how people perceived them not because he had anything against them racially. Suzanne felt that his observations can’t be called racist because that was only how he saw it. It was informative and I would tell other students to read the article because it shows Conrad’s book in a different light than most people do. It was a reputable article written on â€Å"Real Clear Politics† by an actual writer. When Dr. John Laflin wrote an article about the argument that the â€Å"Heart of Darkness† was racist he originally felt it seemed racist, but upon further analysis it isn’t actually racist. He thought when first reading seeing the ord ner and the way he described them as creatures made it seem racist. When he more closely examined the work he noticed that he actually referred to his own people as creatures which showed that all people has animalistic tendencies. He also noted that Conrad did in fact give the natives human qualities. Dr, Laflin showed both sides of the argument on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and he made it an easy to read informative work. It definitely was a great article and a good resource. On British/UK fiction Jackie Patrick wrote an article about all aspects of â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. She mentions racism and says it wouldn’t be politically correct in today’s culture, but in Conrad’s time period it was normal and therefore not racist. She says although he alienates the natives from the whites he doesn’t consider them a different species and doesn’t actually see them as animals. She states that in today’s culture that the writing he put forth wouldn’t be acceptable, but in his time period the word ner was historically correct. Although the article was about all aspects of â€Å"Heart of Darkness† she still shows her take on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. It was a useful article and was on a reputable site with an easy to use set up. Dr. Leon Litvack compared Achebe’s article on â€Å"Heart of Darkness† to Cederic Watt’s response to the reading. Cederic believed Achebe didn’t read deep enough in to the text and was naive in his understanding of the novel. While Achebe was completely up in arms about the racism portrayed in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† saying that the natives were shown as animals, Watts vehemently fought against those views saying that Conrad gave the natives human qualities. They showed restraint when faced with cannibalism and Kurtz did not show the same self-control. Watts contradicts everything that Achebe wrote and says that Achebe took things out of context and didn’t understand the novel. This article showed two completely different views and compared them giving good information from both sides of the arguments. It would be a good article for students to read because it basically has two articles in one and it compares them.

Essay --

NAME: Angela Ferreira †¨ STUDENT NUMBER: 543939†¨ COURSE: FVPA†¨ ASSIGNMENT: Assignment one Stuart Hall: the work of representation†¨ DUE DATE: 12 March TUTOR NAME: Amanda Mullins Plagiarism declaration†¨ I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and to pretend that it is one’s own.†¨ I have used the author date convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to and quotation in this essay from the work or works of other people has been acknowledged through citation and reference.†¨ This essay is my own work.†¨ I have not submitted this work, or a substantial portion thereof, for assessment previously.†¨ I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.†¨ I have done the word processing and formatting of this assignment myself. I understand that the correct formatting is part of the mark for this assignment and that it is therefore wrong for another person to do it for me. —————Angela Ferreira—————————- Signature†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨12 March 2014 ———————————– Date Angela Ferreira Student number: 543939FVPA ASSIGNMENT 1 STUART HALL: THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION QUESTION 1 The approach that Saussure adopted to understanding representation as a sign system is called ‘The Semiotic Approach’ or ‘Semiotics’ (HALL 1997: pg 31) Question 2 The sign The sign can take different forms such as: sounds, images, objects and so on. However, signs only really become signs when we invest meaning into them (HALL 1997: pg34). The sign consists of multiple attribute... ...the keys’, in simple- history is recorded by the victorious and those on top will filter, give access to and withhold information of their choosing.  Reference list 1) Biko, S, 1988. Some African Culture Concepts. In P.H. Cotzee et al (eds) Philosophy From Africa. London: International Thompsen publishing 2) Fritz, F. 1937. Die Judenfrage im Unterricht. Nà ¼rnberg: Der Stà ¼rmer-Abteilung Buchverlag 3) Hall, S. (ed). 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying practises. London: Thousand Oaks; New Delhi: Sage publications in association with Open University. 4)McLuhan , M. 1964. Understanding Media. McGraw-Hill: Canada 5) Peter Gabriel, Biko, 1980. real world music Ltd, EMI music publishing. Courtesy of PeterGabriel.com 6) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of current English, 1990. 8th edition. Walton street, New York, Oxford.

Criminal Justice: the Right Job for You

I am going to be talking about 3 key social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and providing examples for each issue. I will also be explaining the role of the criminal justice professional in serving individual and societal needs. Lastly I will explain how key social issues impact the role of the criminal justice professional and provide 2-3 examples to support my position. One key social issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is prison crowding. Prison overcrowding is one of America's most serious criminal justice issues. The problem is because of insufficient jail and prison space, for which the solution is to build more jail and prison facilities. According to a 2008 study by the Pew Center on the States, the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with one in 100 Americans under the supervision of the criminal justice system. Mandatory minimum sentences for drug crimes are a key factor in the high rate of incarceration. Another key issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is immigration. Immigration raises three significant, controversial issues in criminal justice. The first is the time and resources necessary to deport immigrants, whether they are documented or undocumented, and who have been convicted of crimes. The second is whether and to what extent local law enforcement resources should be used locating and removing undocumented immigrants. The third issue is the extent to which law enforcement emphasis should be on persons who transport and employ undocumented immigrants, rather than on the immigrants themselves. A major issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is poverty. You can read also  Justice System Position Paper The severity of poverty often goes hand in hand with the amount of crimes committed. Money is often reinvested from the open market to the black market to bring about high yet risky return in urban areas. Risks such as these are even higher when this activity is controlled by violent mob-type organizations and gangs, whose existences are structured around capitalizing on the poverty of others. Realistic and reachable role models are far and few between, if any exist at all, which causes the children of those who live in these areas to look up to more unsavory figures who are living the high life through low living. While living in poverty some people resort to crime to support their habits (drugs and/or alcohol) and/or support their families. Because of this crime rates go up, the amount of people incarcerated goes up, and the tax dollars go up to keep the prisons and jails running. The role of criminal justice professionals in serving individual and societal needs is very broad. There are many positions in the criminal justice field in many different areas with different tasks and responsibilities. Criminal justice professionals spend a lot of time resolving conflicts and negotiating with various parties inside and outside their organizations. They handle complaints, settle disputes, and resolve grievances and conflicts, usually by negotiating with several parties. Sometimes they perform this task in conjunction with another one, evaluating information to determine compliance, which requires them to review relevant information and use their individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards. Criminal Justice professionals oversee safety, gather information and documentation, provide testimony, and they are expected to regularly provide information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates to support their positions. One key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals is requiring more correctional officers or detention officers due to overcrowding. Yet there are more inmates in jails and prisons and there are not enough correctional officers or detention officers to staff the prisons and jails. In return the staff are overworked with mandatory overtime and compensated with extra days off instead of overtime pay. Immigration is another key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals. There is a continuous battle about controlling the border of Mexico and how to control it. There is much violence at the border from illegal immigrants and drug cartels. Border Patrol Agents lives are put at risk every day trying to protect the border because of this violence. There are many social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and there always will be. The need will increase with time as will crime because of these social issues. There will always be a place in society for the criminal justice practitioner.

The Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids - 1013 Words

A story was told of a young woman who went to Miami Beach, Florida for spring break. She went out to a club, had some drinks and met a guy. Unfortunately, she later had unprotected sex with this guy she just met. The next morning went she woke up in her hotel room on her night table was a note which read, â€Å"I gave you AIDs last night.† Can you imagine how heartbroken this young girl felt, is my life over, what do I do now? HIV/AIDs is a plague that is unleashed through sexual contact or the body fluids of an infected individual. AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome surfaced in late 1970, as doctors across the United States reported cases of an unusual disease among healthy homosexual men. In 1983 research in laboratories in the†¦show more content†¦The treatment of HIV/ AIDs is very complex and the medications are quite costly. If not treated HIV will eventually become full blown AIDs. Treatment begins in an infected individual when their CD4 T cell count begins to be affected by the infection. According to Dr. Linda Street, â€Å"CD4 T cell are a type of white blood cells that fight against infection in the body. They also indicate or measure the HIV virus in the body.† The higher the CD4 count the stronger the immune system. The appropriate medication regime is then mapped out for the individual’s care. HIV/AIDs medications are usually referred to as antiretroviral or combination therapy drugs. Antiretrovirals are need to treat the HIV within the body; it helps to rebuild a weaken immune system. Antiretrovirals often can repair the damages HIV infection has already caused in the body. If an individual is given two different antiretrovirals this is called combination therapy. This measure is often done because one form of antiretroviral will not be able to combat against the infection effectively. HIV medications are taken on a daily basis for the rest of the individual’s life. To date the FDA has approve the use of thirty one antiretrovirals to fight against HIV infection and improve the quality of life for infected persons. There are side effects associated with these antiretrovirals and combination therapy drugs. Some of the common side effects associated with HIV treatments are