Summary of Articles Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

Summary of Articles Heart of Darkness Essay Summary 5 Authoritative Articles â€Å"Racism in Heart of Darkness† Chinua Achebes article  An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness' was basically written about the racism Achebe encountered in â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. Achebe criticizes Joseph Conrad for his racist stereotypes towards the continent and people of Africa. Achebe claims that Conrad spread the image that people imagined rather than portraying Africa in its true form. Africans were shown in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† as savages with no way to speak other than grunting. To Conrad, the Africans were not real characters in his story, but were backgrounds or props. Chinua Achebe responded with his own novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart†: it was a contrast to Heart of Darkness and comparable works by other European writers. In â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, Achebe tells the story of Okonkwo, an Ibo man who is actually represented as a functioning person. Africans are represented as actual individuals with intelligence and a language, not just one massive conglomerate of dumb thoughtless natives. Their customs are not regarded as crazy and foreign, but as normal everyday life no different than the assortment of Western customs. And the land itself is described as a mix of towns and farms, not a foreign dangerous land. In basically every way, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† challenges typecasts set forward in Heart of Darkness. Overall it is a useful article that contains a good amount of information and I would recommend it to other students. Suzanne Fields wrote an article on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† she actually defended Conrad. She thought that although, he wrote about racist things he presented in the way that was the norm at the time. She stated that it wasn’t racist because that was how people perceived them not because he had anything against them racially. Suzanne felt that his observations can’t be called racist because that was only how he saw it. It was informative and I would tell other students to read the article because it shows Conrad’s book in a different light than most people do. It was a reputable article written on â€Å"Real Clear Politics† by an actual writer. When Dr. John Laflin wrote an article about the argument that the â€Å"Heart of Darkness† was racist he originally felt it seemed racist, but upon further analysis it isn’t actually racist. He thought when first reading seeing the ord ner and the way he described them as creatures made it seem racist. When he more closely examined the work he noticed that he actually referred to his own people as creatures which showed that all people has animalistic tendencies. He also noted that Conrad did in fact give the natives human qualities. Dr, Laflin showed both sides of the argument on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and he made it an easy to read informative work. It definitely was a great article and a good resource. On British/UK fiction Jackie Patrick wrote an article about all aspects of â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. She mentions racism and says it wouldn’t be politically correct in today’s culture, but in Conrad’s time period it was normal and therefore not racist. She says although he alienates the natives from the whites he doesn’t consider them a different species and doesn’t actually see them as animals. She states that in today’s culture that the writing he put forth wouldn’t be acceptable, but in his time period the word ner was historically correct. Although the article was about all aspects of â€Å"Heart of Darkness† she still shows her take on the racism in â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. It was a useful article and was on a reputable site with an easy to use set up. Dr. Leon Litvack compared Achebe’s article on â€Å"Heart of Darkness† to Cederic Watt’s response to the reading. Cederic believed Achebe didn’t read deep enough in to the text and was naive in his understanding of the novel. While Achebe was completely up in arms about the racism portrayed in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† saying that the natives were shown as animals, Watts vehemently fought against those views saying that Conrad gave the natives human qualities. They showed restraint when faced with cannibalism and Kurtz did not show the same self-control. Watts contradicts everything that Achebe wrote and says that Achebe took things out of context and didn’t understand the novel. This article showed two completely different views and compared them giving good information from both sides of the arguments. It would be a good article for students to read because it basically has two articles in one and it compares them.

Essay --

NAME: Angela Ferreira †¨ STUDENT NUMBER: 543939†¨ COURSE: FVPA†¨ ASSIGNMENT: Assignment one Stuart Hall: the work of representation†¨ DUE DATE: 12 March TUTOR NAME: Amanda Mullins Plagiarism declaration†¨ I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and to pretend that it is one’s own.†¨ I have used the author date convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to and quotation in this essay from the work or works of other people has been acknowledged through citation and reference.†¨ This essay is my own work.†¨ I have not submitted this work, or a substantial portion thereof, for assessment previously.†¨ I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.†¨ I have done the word processing and formatting of this assignment myself. I understand that the correct formatting is part of the mark for this assignment and that it is therefore wrong for another person to do it for me. —————Angela Ferreira—————————- Signature†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨12 March 2014 ———————————– Date Angela Ferreira Student number: 543939FVPA ASSIGNMENT 1 STUART HALL: THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION QUESTION 1 The approach that Saussure adopted to understanding representation as a sign system is called ‘The Semiotic Approach’ or ‘Semiotics’ (HALL 1997: pg 31) Question 2 The sign The sign can take different forms such as: sounds, images, objects and so on. However, signs only really become signs when we invest meaning into them (HALL 1997: pg34). The sign consists of multiple attribute... ...the keys’, in simple- history is recorded by the victorious and those on top will filter, give access to and withhold information of their choosing.  Reference list 1) Biko, S, 1988. Some African Culture Concepts. In P.H. Cotzee et al (eds) Philosophy From Africa. London: International Thompsen publishing 2) Fritz, F. 1937. Die Judenfrage im Unterricht. Nà ¼rnberg: Der Stà ¼rmer-Abteilung Buchverlag 3) Hall, S. (ed). 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying practises. London: Thousand Oaks; New Delhi: Sage publications in association with Open University. 4)McLuhan , M. 1964. Understanding Media. McGraw-Hill: Canada 5) Peter Gabriel, Biko, 1980. real world music Ltd, EMI music publishing. Courtesy of PeterGabriel.com 6) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of current English, 1990. 8th edition. Walton street, New York, Oxford.

Criminal Justice: the Right Job for You

I am going to be talking about 3 key social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and providing examples for each issue. I will also be explaining the role of the criminal justice professional in serving individual and societal needs. Lastly I will explain how key social issues impact the role of the criminal justice professional and provide 2-3 examples to support my position. One key social issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is prison crowding. Prison overcrowding is one of America's most serious criminal justice issues. The problem is because of insufficient jail and prison space, for which the solution is to build more jail and prison facilities. According to a 2008 study by the Pew Center on the States, the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with one in 100 Americans under the supervision of the criminal justice system. Mandatory minimum sentences for drug crimes are a key factor in the high rate of incarceration. Another key issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is immigration. Immigration raises three significant, controversial issues in criminal justice. The first is the time and resources necessary to deport immigrants, whether they are documented or undocumented, and who have been convicted of crimes. The second is whether and to what extent local law enforcement resources should be used locating and removing undocumented immigrants. The third issue is the extent to which law enforcement emphasis should be on persons who transport and employ undocumented immigrants, rather than on the immigrants themselves. A major issue contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners is poverty. You can read also  Justice System Position Paper The severity of poverty often goes hand in hand with the amount of crimes committed. Money is often reinvested from the open market to the black market to bring about high yet risky return in urban areas. Risks such as these are even higher when this activity is controlled by violent mob-type organizations and gangs, whose existences are structured around capitalizing on the poverty of others. Realistic and reachable role models are far and few between, if any exist at all, which causes the children of those who live in these areas to look up to more unsavory figures who are living the high life through low living. While living in poverty some people resort to crime to support their habits (drugs and/or alcohol) and/or support their families. Because of this crime rates go up, the amount of people incarcerated goes up, and the tax dollars go up to keep the prisons and jails running. The role of criminal justice professionals in serving individual and societal needs is very broad. There are many positions in the criminal justice field in many different areas with different tasks and responsibilities. Criminal justice professionals spend a lot of time resolving conflicts and negotiating with various parties inside and outside their organizations. They handle complaints, settle disputes, and resolve grievances and conflicts, usually by negotiating with several parties. Sometimes they perform this task in conjunction with another one, evaluating information to determine compliance, which requires them to review relevant information and use their individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards. Criminal Justice professionals oversee safety, gather information and documentation, provide testimony, and they are expected to regularly provide information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates to support their positions. One key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals is requiring more correctional officers or detention officers due to overcrowding. Yet there are more inmates in jails and prisons and there are not enough correctional officers or detention officers to staff the prisons and jails. In return the staff are overworked with mandatory overtime and compensated with extra days off instead of overtime pay. Immigration is another key social issue that impacts the role of criminal justice professionals. There is a continuous battle about controlling the border of Mexico and how to control it. There is much violence at the border from illegal immigrants and drug cartels. Border Patrol Agents lives are put at risk every day trying to protect the border because of this violence. There are many social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and there always will be. The need will increase with time as will crime because of these social issues. There will always be a place in society for the criminal justice practitioner.

The Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids - 1013 Words

A story was told of a young woman who went to Miami Beach, Florida for spring break. She went out to a club, had some drinks and met a guy. Unfortunately, she later had unprotected sex with this guy she just met. The next morning went she woke up in her hotel room on her night table was a note which read, â€Å"I gave you AIDs last night.† Can you imagine how heartbroken this young girl felt, is my life over, what do I do now? HIV/AIDs is a plague that is unleashed through sexual contact or the body fluids of an infected individual. AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome surfaced in late 1970, as doctors across the United States reported cases of an unusual disease among healthy homosexual men. In 1983 research in laboratories in the†¦show more content†¦The treatment of HIV/ AIDs is very complex and the medications are quite costly. If not treated HIV will eventually become full blown AIDs. Treatment begins in an infected individual when their CD4 T cell count begins to be affected by the infection. According to Dr. Linda Street, â€Å"CD4 T cell are a type of white blood cells that fight against infection in the body. They also indicate or measure the HIV virus in the body.† The higher the CD4 count the stronger the immune system. The appropriate medication regime is then mapped out for the individual’s care. HIV/AIDs medications are usually referred to as antiretroviral or combination therapy drugs. Antiretrovirals are need to treat the HIV within the body; it helps to rebuild a weaken immune system. Antiretrovirals often can repair the damages HIV infection has already caused in the body. If an individual is given two different antiretrovirals this is called combination therapy. This measure is often done because one form of antiretroviral will not be able to combat against the infection effectively. HIV medications are taken on a daily basis for the rest of the individual’s life. To date the FDA has approve the use of thirty one antiretrovirals to fight against HIV infection and improve the quality of life for infected persons. There are side effects associated with these antiretrovirals and combination therapy drugs. Some of the common side effects associated with HIV treatments are